Self Assessment Teamwork Assignment Teamwork Essay

Self-Assessment Teamwork Assignment 5 Teamwork strategies In every organization, teamwork should be a term very emphasized among all the members. However, a company should have the tools and willing to motivate its employees towards a teamwork formation within the organization. Therefore, the company should acknowledge the correct incentives that are applicable to build a motivational environment where the people feel free to express ideas, and feel empowered to lead others to a common goal; a place where they feel valued and important for the development of the company, and also, well compensated. After providing incentives to employees that are part of a group within a company, there are strategies and tactics needed to build that group into a teamwork where all the individual goals align toward the organization objectives. The strategies for building teamwork are as follows: - Get qualified members. People in teamwork should be excited and willing to succeed; conscientious, extraverted and knowledgeable people with that spark needed to get a good performance towards the proposed goals. - Be well motivated yourself. All leaders should be role models, so, in order to motivate others, managers and leaders should show up their motivation. - Have urgent, constructive purpose. The members of the team should acquire an urgent behavior in a constructive manner. Demanding performance keeps the team motivated to achieve goals. Also, rewards should be part of the challenges. -Show MoreRelatedManagement Skills Development Assignment : Self Explanatory1355 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Information The MSDA The Management Skills Development Assignment is self-explanatory. In order for Schulich students to fulfill the requirements to be successful in the work place, they must identify their weaknesses and work towards improving them. 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The Threat Of Cyber Security - 1452 Words

Dakota Stern May 8, 2017 Executive Briefing Executive Summary â€Å"When the Target data breach occurred in 2013, the response was surprising as it took too much time to manage the consumer fallout. Watching communications unfold over time, I assumed that lawyers must have managed the response, because marketers would have handled it differently--focusing effort on mitigating consumer trust damage, brand damage, and negative financial consequences.† Introduction Purpose The purpose of this briefing is to: †¢ Clarify the importance of cyber security in marketing †¢ Educate employees on the importance of cyber security in the workplace †¢ Explain to marketer why they are targets of cyber security attacks †¢ Educate employees on how they can prevent†¦show more content†¦Finally, a single academic source was used to outline how cyber threats can be detrimental to systems outside of consumer based organizations. In order to completely understand the gravity of the future of cyber security, interviews were sought out first in order to create a first-hand understanding of the problem at hand. From the interviews reviewed to create this briefing, Holly Rollo gave us the most in depth answers to the questions we were looking to get answers to. We selected marketing departments for two reasons after reading a series Kimberly Whitler, a former CMO and current Assistant Professor at the University of Virginia’s Darden School of Business, posted on Forbes. The first reason is that according to Holly, marketing departments handle sensitive information about customers that can be valuable targets for hackers. Secondly, no one thinks to put IT and marketing in the same sentence, so marketers usually never think about security. Results/Findings What is a data breach? 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Managing Strategic Resources & Operations

Question: Discuss about theManaging Strategic Resources Operations. Answer: Introduction The factory Guan Hin Coffee Manufacturer is a private company that was established in the year 1980, who were the first generation owner and it was maintained by Mr. Chew Theng Kuans father later it was reestablished in the year 2015 by Mr. Chew Theng Kuan who is the second generation owner as a small firm business and successfully reached the heights in coffee manufacturing business in Singapore. His daughters were not a part of business anytime as they were not interested in taking up the firm. It has completed five successful years as an exempt private limited company (Slack, 2015). Their main objective was to manufacture coffee powder and is the principal target. It is located in Singapore at Gourmet East Kitchen as a registered company. They made complete efforts in bringing the success by depending on their own personal experience as coffee roaster as well as owner (Heizer, Render Munson, 2016). Overview of Guan Hin Coffee Manufacturer The company Guan Hin Coffee Manufacturer has chosen to make coffee powder since they can get huge business as coffee is the essential drink that is taken in todays lifestyle. The preference of sipping coffee only varies like it might either be from a coffee shop, a traditional one or at the coffee joints (David David, 2016). The company gives us the opportunity of knowing how coffee beans are originated from, if you are a great coffee lover then utilize this chance of knowing the edge (Berman Evans, 2013). Supply Chain They are specialized in exporting their coffee roasting services to countries such as Japan and China. Irrespective of age, their main motto is to bring coffee heritage and involve all age group people such as old and young to get engaged with the flavor. They wanted to create a brand for their business by developing it in Singapore and induced this coffee culture as a part of their daily chores (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). These coffee powder factories are owned in Singapore. The different coffee powders and the roasted beans that are used in top coffee selling shops such as Starbucks and others have their delicious coffee powder from this manufacturer (Collings, 2014). The wonderful, interesting and unknown facts can be known if this coffee manufacturing company tour is followed. It will give us the idea of their efforts and the time taken by them and the kind of ingredients used by them to make your coffee a delicious sip which needs a huge lot of appreciation. Significance of its Operations As it is known that the high profile coffee chops all over Singapore and other metropolitan countries are being supplied with the coffee powder form Guan Hin Coffee Manufacturer. The coffee shops like Starbucks have got the great importance because of the type of coffee they provide with the flavor and taste (De Neufville et al, 2013). Its significance is due to the usage of beans from this industry said by kopi-O the, VIP of Starbucks. The roasted and brewing intensity of the beans in spite of being expensive add a different flavor to it (Berman Evans, 2013). The most commonly available coffee beans are Robusta and Arabica and these are the familiar ones in the industry. They made a recipe that meets the traditions. The Gourmet coffee powder is just a roasted bean powder with no other additional ingredients(David David, 2016). While roasting the beans they found out where the acidity and sweetness of beans meet by this they make their own delicious tasty coffee powder. Day-to-Day Operations Guan Hin Coffee Manufacturer is being operated from Singapore and it has wide spread its operations and developed a number of 20 factories of coffee manufacturing units all over the country. Process of Manufacturing The entire process of turning coffee beans into a fine powder takes approximately one and half an hour based on the quantity that is being involved in the processing. Its just on an average time told above for small quantity (Heizer, Render Munson, 2016). The steps that are involved in the manufacturing process are roasting, cooling and adding different flavors. The first step is the roasting of beans which takes about 60 minutes, but to be noted that this time changes according to the number of coffee beans that are involved in the processing. After the beans are roasted to the necessary intensity it has to be cooled down to take down for further processing. This cooling time is around 10-15 minutes (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2012). In the roasting process of beans there would be a reduction of about 12kgs from the actual quantity that is taken. For example, if the quantity of beans that is taken before the roasting process is 60kgs then the final output that is available after roasting is 48kgs. This is due to charring of the beans (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2012). So to this amount of available beans after getting roasted different flavored coffee powders can be made such as black coffee, chocolate coffee etc. An amount of18kg sugar, a little of butter and salt should be added to the roasted beans of 60kgs to make it a local black coffee. This quantity should be decided on the amount of beans that are taken for roasting but not according to the quantity that has come after being roasted. The color black added to the powder is made from the sugar and the coffee powder. Marketing Prices The coffee powder with wide variety of flavors and the finest powders are now available to sell in the market and make the business. The purest form of coffee powder that is taken after grinding of beans without adding any additional ingredients is sold for 16 Singapore dollars per one kg (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The flavored local black coffee is sold at 10 Singapore dollars per kg but its purely based on the quality that is opted by the customers. Coffee Beans Chosen by Company As it is known that coffee is available in different flavors with different names and these are due to the usage of beans of different grades. The most commonly used coffee beans by Guan Hin Coffee Manufacturer are Indonesian coffee beans, Robusta coffee beans, Arabica coffee beans etc. The Robusta coffee beans are available in numerous numbers of grades such as ranging from 1 to 8. But this industry has chosen the coffee beans grades of 1 -2 because it majorly focuses on the quality and the taste that it is giving to the people (Berman Evans, 2013). Packaging Cost As wide varieties of coffee powders and their beans are available their packaging is also made simpler to make it available in small quantities as well as in larger quantities depending on the requirements and needs of customers. The coffee beans are offered in the packing of 60kg bag and a container that totally contains 300 bags on one container (David David, 2016). Conclusion The overall turnover for the factory is in such high peaks that it pays a rent of 6000 Singapore dollars for a month. It took high efforts for the factory to reach that stage where it was developed into a factory from an empty space. References Berman, B. R., Evans, J. R. (2013).Retail management: a strategic approach. Pearson Higher Ed. Brown, S., Bessant, J. R., Lamming, R. (2013).Strategic operations management. Routledge. Collings, D. G. (2014). Integrating global mobility and global talent management: Exploring the challenges and strategic opportunities.Journal of World Business,49(2), 253-261. David, F., David, F. R. (2016). Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. De Neufville, R., Odoni, A., Belobaba, P., Reynolds, T. (2013).Airport systems: planning, design and management. Heizer, J., Render, B., Munson, C. (2016).Principles of operations management: sustainability and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2012).Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Jacobs, R., Chase, R. (2013).Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

File System Evolution

Question: Describe about the File System Evolution? Answer: Introduction Before the computers were developed in order to function the disk operating system, then each of the computers is built to run the application that has a complete as well as exclusive control of the entire machine (Ovsiannikov, 2013). The file system applications are managing the absolute locations of the data on the disk. As one application is running on the computer at a time, then the task is not difficult to do. The file system gives a single level of indirection among the applications as well as risks; therefore, the outcome is that each of the applications saw a file as a single nearby stream of bytes on the disk still when the file system stores the file in irregular sectors (Coronel Morris, 2016). This application tracks the absolute position of the data on the storage device. This research paper is based on the evolution of file system. As the file system is developed over the time with the restricted file system, therefore over time additional file system focuses on particular requirements such as allocation of data, accessing the remote file, distributed file, and parallel files. Therefore, the file system imposes on the structure on the address space of one or more physical devices. Problem Statement The problem statement is that the file systems produce near their limits; the performance for streaming does not see to balance linearly with the size as well as degrades with disintegration (Maeno et al., 2014). Due to scalable metadata in the file system model, a sustained large block performance does not matter. It is addressed by the evolution of the file system, which faces problem in the open source model. There is no such prior work to understand the development process of the file system in the Linux world (Agren et al., 2014). It is difficult to analyze the development process of Linux in order to understand the difficulties involved with it. As a result, the problems in the file system are introducing the same bugs within the file systems. The file system provides a single level of indirection among the applications as well as disks (Campana Atlas 2014). Therefore, the result is that each of the application sees a file as a single contiguous stream of bytes on the disk. Goal and Objectives of the Study The goal of this study is to identify the future use of file system to observe the changes in the complexity of the system. It is related to the metrics to the features as well as the stability of the file system. From this research paper, it is identified that only a few of the file system components are vital to getting right the first time. The objectives are: To identify the benefits of the file system modifications To understand the internal behavior of the file system evolution To identify the future use of file system Significance and Relevant of the Study As the system is growing in complexity, therefore there is a requirement of techniques as well as approaches that enable the users to understand the operation process of a system (Aghaei, Nematbakhsh Farsani, 2012). The researcher creates and introduces semantic follow playback (STP) that empowers the assessment of new imaginative thoughts into the record framework. The pieces inside of the record framework are gatherings of divisions, which will streamline the tending to of capacity. Modern file systems are using a block size of from 1 up to 128 sectors (Rembar, 2015). The files are stored from the creation of the block as well as take the entire blocks. In addition to this, the user files the file system, which stores the parameters such as the size of the block and descriptions of the file such as file location, size, and fragments. It makes the computer faster to restart, as the operating system is not able to scan, the entire file system in order to find out if anything is out of synchronization (Podos Patek, 2014). The file system stores information related to security, information as well as extended attributes. The clear plan characterizes the different components of the examination theme and its effect on utilizing huge information for evaluation of file management system. An accumulation of the pertinent and significant information and data from dependable and substantial source helps in leading the exploration in the right way Review on File System Evolution Architecture of File System The file system has evolved largely during the last two decades. Rembar, (2015) The evaluation has started from local file system, but now a day, the additional file system has also come in front in the computerized world to share crucial data and information, to access remote files and to distribute information over the network channel. Siewiorek and Swarz (2014) stated that architectural compliments of the file system has their significances and run the whole network system effectively and efficiently. The file system has several command lines such as ls (List files), mv (move files), rm (remove files), cp (copy files) uses to transfer the control of computers for users. In the architecture of file system, a layer called kernel space which is used for privileged access (Barroso, Clidaras Holzle, 2013). Inter-process communication mechanism allows communicating the file system with another file system using segmented memory. Schedule section of this files system schedules the timel ine for tasks and multi tasking processes to run these files in proper operating system platform. Figure 1: Architecture of Files System (Source: Verissimo Rodrigues, 2012, pp-100) Enck (2014) mentioned that Local file system is located with the co-ordination of single server applications. The crucial data and files are either connected to the server or data and can be accessed by the accessing of storage area network, channel. On the other hand, Campana and Atlas (2014) opined that shared file system is very useful in the data and information sharing aspect through different servers with different running applications. The shared storage device of this system helps to store all the important data and information for business purposes can be shared with multiple devices simultaneously. Vrable, Savage and Voelker (2012) addressed the major part of shared file system called cluster file system, which allows accessing data and information for user purposes. It is a peer-to-peer structure where users know about the logical arrangement of the file system. File system communication is done between the server and client directly. The most useful part of network file s ystem is the client server distributed system where the important files are served across the entire network servers, and each of those files is segmented into small sections, which help to extract important data and information from those files. Features of File System The key features of this file system are described in the following sections Volume Management: According to Feitelson (2015) the above mentioned file system support both Robin round access and striped access. The master architectural configuration and parameters allow these file systems to identify the relationships between computerized devices and its controls. This feature allows passing the input-output requests over the driver interfaces. Support for Direct I/O and Paged: Ovsiannikov (2013) discovered that file systems support two kinds of input-output features, one is paged input-output, and other is direct input-output. Paged input-output facilities catch the users' data in virtual memory space, and the kernel layer writes the data to a disk (Wen et al., 2014). On the other hand, direct input-output features help to write users data directly from the memory to disk. By the use of these features, users can realize the performance improvements of large block and aligned input-output. High Capacity: The architectural components of the file system and coding data present in it can be extracted from any devices or disks. As the processing application of file system is 64 addressing system can manage more than 252 devices at a time. This high capacity feature and processing operation can easily recover the files from an unscheduled outage (Agarwal et al., 2015). These kinds of file system do not require a file checking system to repair its inconsistencies, as it uses journaling process. The journaling process recovers the files dynamically by the use of serial writes, identification records and error checking system for all the critical and crucial input-output operations. Operation of File System The main function of these file system is to control the data storage and retrieval process for a network system operations. If there is no file system, information could not be extracted from the large body of the database system (Rezaei Muntz, 2014). By the use of kernel space mechanism, data can be divided into several sections, so that important information can be extracted for user purposes. Methodology The most significant chapter of this particular research paper is the Research Methodology. Following a particular research methodology, assists in having a transparent view of the research topic file system management (Agren et al., 2014). The usage of a proper procedure helps in getting more profound information, and better examination of the information gathered. In this specific research, the experts have connected the different natty determined strategy of the viewpoint to comprehend the entire scenario of the file system management in the operating system. Here the researcher discussing the file management system there are many terms for referring too many concepts, and so it is necessary to know the methodology of the file system (Yang et al., 2014). The fundamental reason for PCs is to make, control, store, and recover information. A file framework gives the hardware to encourage these activities. At the most abnormal amount, a file framework is an approach to composing, store, recover, and oversee data on a changeless stockpiling medium, for example, a circle (Agarwal et al., 2015). File frameworks manage unchanging capacity and structure an indispensable part of every single working framework (He et al., 2014). There are many methodologies to perform a file management process in a computer. At the other hand, the ranges are persistent item stores and object-situated databases conceptual the entire idea of lasting stockpiling so that the client and developer never at any point should know about it. Apart from that, the researcher id entifies all approach of a file system how it store and evaluation that furthermore reduces the chances of error. The scientists have picked Deductive Approach to use of hypothetical learning in the down to mechanical earth field while directing the examination. With the assistance of deductive methodology, the specialist can comprehend the best possible way or a way for doing the examination (Siewiorek, Swarz, 2014). In addition, the choice of Explanatory Research Design bolsters the longitudinal normal for the exploration. The clear plan characterizes the different components of the examination theme and its effect on utilizing huge information for evaluation of file management system. An accumulation of the pertinent and significant information and data from dependable and substantial source helps in leading the exploration in the right way (Barroso, Clidaras Holzle, 2013). The information gathered permits better entrance and comprehension the extent of the exploration. For the investigation of this specific research, the specialist has picked the individual meeting and online review as the essential information-gathering source. The data in regards to the medicinal advancements and innovation is gathered from web and diary is considered as optional information accumulation source (Verissimo Rodrigues, 2012). Furthermore, the writing audit is additionally considered as the optional information for the examination. The subjective information gathered gives hypothetical move down to the examination methodology while the quantitative information gathered presents the factual result of the investigation (Enck et al., 2014). In this research, the primary data collected from many researchers and this data are studies will be considered for the implementation of a new file system Summary Within the computing, the file system is a technique that is used to store as well as systematize the computer files as well as the data that contain in order to make easy access to them. The file system uses a storage device like the hard disk and CD-ROM (Campana Atlas 2014). It engages maintaining of the physical location of the files so that it may be virtual as well as exit the access model for the virtual data over the network. A bunch of developers implements the file system before it gets included in the Linux (Vrable, Savage Voelker, 2012). Each of the file systems has its list of mailings. Currently, they are tracked through emails, which is inefficient. This particular chapter is used to describe the several research tools and selection methods to analyze the particular topic with better explanations. With the use of this chapter, the researcher will collect reliable and valid data from primary and secondary sources. After the collection of data, proper data analysis technique has been adopted to analyze the data in order to channelize them inside the research proposal for better evaluation and explanation (He et al., 2014). These research tools and techniques are very useful to analyze and throw a better light on the on the file system evaluation. The shared storage device of this system helps to store all the important data and information for business purposes can be shared with multiple devices simultaneously. Conclusion It is concluded from the research is that files are made up of blocks and the blocks are made up of bits as well as bytes. The metadata structure of the file system is responsible in order to provide semantics for the blocks. The extensions, as well as enrichment of the files with increasing amounts of metadata as well as information, are such that they become autonomous. In the future traditional file system, as well as the file system, manages the objects, which will co-exist as well as complement each other. The document framework applications are dealing with the outright areas of the information on the circle. As one application is running on the PC at once, then the errand is not hard to do. It is seen that the file system needs to keep track of the bits that are required to make the file itself where they are placed logically in the hard drive. It also stores information about the file. The most significant thing is that it also stores the name of the file as because without t he file name, it is vital to choose the file again. Finally, the file system worries about the metadata. Future Work The future exploration of this paper is that the working framework has developed, and it has more elements, which are added to the document framework (Rezaei Muntz, 2014). More information alternatives are added to the record framework, for example, change, the capacity to list documents for speedier explores the new capacity of plans that will diminish the document fracture and strong capacity to redress. The greatest advances in the document framework keep a log of changes that the PC is made to each of the records. On the off chance that the PC crashes and the force go out all through the operation of a document, then it checks the log and completes the operation rapidly without ruining the record (Mohammad, Mcheick Grant, 2014). It makes the PC quicker to restart, as the working framework does not ready to check, the whole document framework with a specific end goal to see whether anything is out of synchronization. References Agarwal, S., Pape, L. E., Dagli, C. H., Ergin, N. K., Enke, D., Gosavi, A., ... Gottapu, R. D. (2015). Flexible and Intelligent Learning Architectures for SoS (FILA-SoS): Architectural Evolution in Systems-of-Systems. Procedia Computer Science, 44, 76-85. Aghaei, S., Nematbakhsh, M. A., Farsani, H. K. (2012). Evolution of the world wide web: From WEB 1.0 TO WEB 4.0. International Journal of Web Semantic Technology, 3(1), 1. Agren, J. A., Wang, W., Koenig, D., Neuffer, B., Weigel, D., Wright, S. I. (2014). Mating system shifts and transposable element evolution in the plant genus Capsella. BMC genomics, 15(1), 602. Barroso, L. A., Clidaras, J., Hlzle, U. (2013). The datacenter as a computer: An introduction to the design of warehouse-scale machines. Synthesis lectures on computer architecture, 8(3), 1-154. Campana, S., Atlas Collaboration. (2014). Evolution of the ATLAS distributed computing system during the LHC long shutdown. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 513, No. 3, p. 032016). IOP Publishing. Chang, B., Wang, Z., Chen, B., Zhang, F. (2015, December). MobiPluto: File System Friendly Deniable Storage for Mobile Devices. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (pp. 381-390). ACM. Chen, M., Mao, S., Liu, Y. (2014). Big data: A survey. Mobile Networks and Applications, 19(2), 171-209. Coronel, C., Morris, S. (2016). Database Systems: Design, Implementation, Management. Cengage Learning. Enck, W., Gilbert, P., Han, S., Tendulkar, V., Chun, B. G., Cox, L. P., ... Sheth, A. N. (2014). TaintDroid: an information-flow tracking system for realtime privacy monitoring on smartphones. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), 32(2), 5. Faibish, S., Bent, J. M., Tzelnic, P., Grider, G., Zhang, J. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,825,652. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Feitelson, D. G. (2015). Workload modeling for computer systems performance evaluation. Cambridge University Press. Giampaolo, D. B., Cisler, P., Weiss, E., McIntyre, K. A. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 8,984,029. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Gross, D., Nicolaou, C. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,560,579. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. He, J. Y., Liu, W. H., Wang, H., Wu, Y., Liu, X. J., Nieh, T. G., Lu, Z. P. (2014). Effects of Al addition on structural evolution and tensile properties of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy system. Acta Materialia, 62, 105-113. Lucas, W. J., Groover, A., Lichtenberger, R., Furuta, K., Yadav, S. R., Helariutta, Y., ... Patrick, J. W. (2013). The Plant Vascular System: Evolution, Development and FunctionsF. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 55(4), 294-388. Maeno, T., De, K., Klimentov, A., Nilsson, P., Oleynik, D., Panitkin, S., ... Yu, D. (2014). Evolution of the ATLAS PanDA workload management system for exascale computational science. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 513, No. 3, p. 032062). IOP Publishing. Mashtizadeh, A. J., Bittau, A., Huang, Y. F., Mazieres, D. (2013, November). Replication, history, and grafting in the ori file system. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (pp. 151-166). ACM. Mohammad, A., Mcheick, H., Grant, E. (2014, September). Big data architecture evolution: 2014 and beyond. In Proceedings of the fourth ACM international symposium on Development and analysis of intelligent vehicular networks and applications (pp. 139-144). ACM. Ovsiannikov, M., Rus, S., Reeves, D., Sutter, P., Rao, S., Kelly, J. (2013). The quantcast file system. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 6(11), 1092-1101. Podos, J., Patek, S. N. (2014). Acoustic Signal Evolution: Biomechanics, Size, and Performance. Animal Signaling and Function: An Integrative Approach, 175-203. Rembar, C. (2015). The law of the land: The evolution of our legal system. Open Road Media. Rezaei, B. A., Muntz, A. H. Y. M. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,380,721. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Siewiorek, D., Swarz, R. (2014). Reliable Computer Systems: Design and Evaluatuion. Digital Press. Stefanov, E., van Dijk, M., Juels, A., Oprea, A. (2012, December). Iris: A scalable cloud file system with efficient integrity checks. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (pp. 229-238). ACM. Ting, D. P., Vahalia, U. K., Hilliar, J. A., Gupta, U. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,417,788. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Verissimo, P., Rodrigues, L. (2012). Distributed systems for system architects (Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Vrable, M., Savage, S., Voelker, G. M. (2012, February). Bluesky: A cloud-backed file system for the enterprise. In Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies (pp. 19-19). USENIX Association. Warren, I. (2012). The renaissance of legacy systems: method support for software-system evolution. Springer Science Business Media. Wen, J., Liu, W. H. E., Arons, P. L., Pandey, S. K. (2014). Evolution Pathway Towards Wide Area Monitoring and ProtectionA Real-World Implementation of Centralized RAS System. Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on, 5(3), 1506-1513. Yang, H. M., Song, X. L., Yang, T. L., Liang, Z. H., Fan, C. M., Hao, X. G. (2014). Electrochemical synthesis of flower shaped morphology MOFs in an ionic liquid system and their electrocatalytic application to the hydrogen evolution reaction. RSC Advances, 4(30), 15720-15726. Significance and Relevant of the Study

Literature Vocabulary Flashcard

Literature Vocabulary

Germans to America - Passengers Arriving at US Ports

Germans to America - Passengers Arriving at US Ports Are you researching German immigrants to America during the 19th century? Germans to America, compiled and edited by Ira A. Glazier and P. William Filby, is a series of books which indexes passenger arrival records of ships carrying Germans to the U.S. ports of  Baltimore, Boston, New Orleans, New York, and Philadelphia. It presently covers the  records of over 4 million passengers during  the period January 1850 through Jun 1897. Due to its inclusion criteria, this series is considered to be an incomplete- though fairly thorough- index to German passengers arriving in America during this period. The quality of the transcription varies, but the series is still an excellent research tool for tracking down German immigrant ancestors. If a listing is found in Germans to America, then the original passenger lists should be consulted, as they may contain further details.   Where to Find Germans to America The individual books in the Germans to America series  are fairly pricey, so the best research option is to either find a library with the series (most major genealogical libraries will have it), or locate a database version. The database version created by the Center for Immigration Studies at the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies (the same group that created the published versions) was originally published on CD and is now available for free online from the National Archives and FamilySearch. It is unclear exactly how the data compiled in the Germans to America, 1850–1897 database relates directly to the published volumes.  NARA staff has found that there are ship manifests included in the database that are not included in the respective published volumes, and that there is also a difference in the covered time periods.   The Germans to America Series The first 9 volumes of the Germans to America series indexed only passenger lists of ships that contained at least 80% German passengers. Thus, a number of Germans who came over on ships from 1850–1855 are not included. Beginning with Volume 10, all ships with German passengers were included, regardless of the percentage. However, only those identifying themselves as German are listed; all other passenger names were not transcribed. Volumes 1–59 of Germans to America (through 1890) include arrivals to the major U.S. ports of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston and New Orleans. Beginning in 1891, Germans to America only includes arrivals to the port of New York. Some Baltimore arrivals are known to be missing from Germans to America- see  Why Some Baltimore Passenger Lists are Missing and How to Find Them  by Joe Beine for more information. Vol. 1 Jan 1850 - May 1851 Vol. 35 Jan 1880 - Jun 1880 Vol. 2 May 1851 - Jun 1852 Vol. 36 Jul 1880 - Nov 1880 Vol. 3 Jun 1852 - Sep 1852 Vol. 37 Dec 1880 - Apr 1881 Vol. 4 Sep 1852 - May 1853 Vol. 38 Apr 1881 - May 1881 Vol. 5 May 1853 - Oct 1853 Vol. 39 Jun 1881 - Aug 1881 Vol. 6 Oct 1853 - May 1854 Vol. 40 Aug 1881 - Oct 1881 Vol. 7 May 1854 - Aug 1854 Vol. 41 Nov 1881 - Mar 1882 Vol. 8 Aug 1854 - Dec 1854 Vol. 42 Mar 1882 - May 1882 Vol. 9 Dec 1854 - Dec 1855 Vol. 43 May 1882 - Aug 1882 Vol. 10 Jan 1856 - Apr 1857 Vol. 44 Aug 1882 - Nov 1882 Vol. 11 Apr 1857 - Nov 1857 Vol. 45 Nov 1882 - Apr 1883 Vol. 12 Nov 1857 - Jul 1859 Vol. 46 Apr 1883 - Jun 1883 Vol. 13 Aug 1859 - Dec 1860 Vol. 47 Jul 1883 - Oct 1883 Vol. 14 Jan 1861 - May 1863 Vol. 48 Nov 1883 - Apr 1884 Vol. 15 Jun 1863 - Oct 1864 Vol. 49 Apr 1884 - Jun 1884 Vol. 16 Nov 1864 - Nov 1865 Vol. 50 Jul 1884 - Nov 1884 Vol. 17 Nov 1865 - Jun 1866 Vol. 51 Dec 1884 - Jun 1885 Vol. 18 Jun 1866 - Dec 1866 Vol. 52 Jul 1885 - Apr 1886 Vol. 19 Jan 1867 - Aug 1867 Vol. 53 May 1886 - Jan 1887 Vol. 20 Aug 1867 - May 1868 Vol. 54 Jan 1887 - Jun 1887 Vol. 21 May 1868 - Sep 1868 Vol. 55 Jul 1887 - Apr 1888 Vol. 22 Oct 1868 - May 1869 Vol. 56 May 1888 - Nov 1888 Vol. 23 Jun 1869 - Dec 1869 Vol. 57 Dec 1888 - Jun 1889 Vol. 24 Jan 1870 - Dec 1870 Vol. 58 Jul 1889 - Apr 1890 Vol. 25 Jan 1871 - Sep 1871 Vol. 59 May 1890 - Nov 1890 Vol. 26 Oct 1871 - Apr 1872 Vol. 60 Dec 1890 - May 1891 Vol. 27 May 1872 - Jul 1872 Vol. 61 Jun 1891 - Oct 1891 Vol. 28 Aug 1872 - Dec 1872 Vol. 62 Nov 1891 - May 1892 Vol. 29 Jan 1873 - May 1873 Vol. 63 Jun 1892 - Dec 1892 Vol. 30 Jun 1873 - Nov 1873 Vol. 64 Jan 1893 - Jul 1893 Vol. 31 Dec 1873 - Dec 1874 Vol. 65 Aug 1893 - Jun 1894 Vol. 32 Jan 1875 - Sep 1876 Vol. 66 Jul 1894 - Oct 1895 Vol. 33 Oct 1876 - Sep 1878 Vol. 67 Nov 1895 - Jun 1897 Vol. 34 Oct 1878 - Dec 1879

Business change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business change Management - Essay Example Organizational change is a term generally used for an extensive change within the organization where companies try to change, implement or also reengineer their processes. In most cases, organizational change tends to be radical and can lead to reorientation of the business. Any change within an organization is generally based on external factors that impact them and form the driving force. Since organizational changes are very deep-seated stakeholders of the company also tend to be impacted. This paper aims at discussing the changes management strategies that can be adopted by Huanghe Technology to overcome the issues that are being faced within the organization. The paper will provide an overview of the current issues, followed by a detailed discussion of the proposed solution and the possible challenges. Current Issues: The rapid expansion of the business has led the company to develop and work as three different and independent units. Although Huanghe Technology has very effectiv ely implemented latest technologies and has also seen intense growth, the lack of clear support for the customers. Since each of the three business units have grown independently and behave as separate entities with different cultures, there has been a lot of information loss. Huanghe Technology is currently being faced with issues like lack of proper customer support, lacking technical support and also numerous call drops between the customer care and sales teams. Hence it is crucial that the company implements a change plan to help develop an organized and effective approach to resolve this issue. The main focus of the change plan is on the customers and their needs. Huanghe Technology currently has its customer service office in UK and the company currently plans to reorganize this by keeping all of the Customer Service Department activities for the Huanghe UK office under the supervision of a new head. This can cause two main issues, i) resistance from the employees, ii) another independent unit to deal with customer service. Hence these are the main issues that the company currently needs to focus on while developing the change management program. Also, in the case of the SOHO customers, the company has set down two different channels to meet the needs of these customers. The first is where the company caters to the need directly and second where the products is sold by retailers like Tesco. In the retail channel, the technical aspects are dealt with by the company directly. However there is a major gap that has been found here and it is clear that the SOHO customers are not getting adequate technical support from the company. Proposal for New Customer Service Department Customer Relationship Management (CRM) plays an essential role in every business and holds an enormous importance in today’s competitive world. CRM is a business strategy that has been built around the notion of being customer-centric (Evans, O’Maley, & Patterson, 2004). The main aims are to have optimum revenue by better customer satisfaction through improved

Confederate Government Conspiracy to Assassinate President Abraham Research Proposal

Confederate Government Conspiracy to Assassinate President Abraham Lincoln - Research Proposal Example To that end, the Confederate government conceived a plan to kidnap Abraham Lincoln in order to force the Union to free Confederate prisoners of war. While the kidnapping never came to fruition, questions remain as to whether the Confederate government was involved in Lincoln’s assassination.1 It is fairly evident that Davis and key members of his government had conceived of, and funded, some initiative aimed at striking the Union beyond the battlefield. The Confederacy established an espionage department in 1864, which conducted covert operations from its base in Canada, helping plan and carry out the raid on St. Albans, Vermont.2 Many claims have been made about the independent nature of the conspiracy that orchestrated the Lincoln assassination. Skeptics insist that such a conspiracy likely began as a kidnapping plot involving the Confederate secret service and prominent members of the Confederate government. My hypothesis is that an intricately planned conspiracy involving Confederate agents in the U.S. and Canada, which ended in the assassination of the president, was carried out with the knowledge and involvement of Confederate officials. It is possible that the assassination itself was simply an unplanned outcome of a kidnapping plot that had gone undetected by federal officials. Either Booth, secret service officers or the Confederate high command (or all three) at some point decided that the only remaining viable, practicable option was assassination. As Lincoln himself told journalist Noah Brooks in 1863, â€Å"I long ago made up my mind that if anybody wants to kill me, he will do it. If I wore a shirt of mail and kept myself surrounded by a bodyguard, it would be all the same. There are a thousand ways of getting at a man if it is desirable that he should be killed.†3 My research will address the origins of the kidnapping plan; the extent to which the Confederate government was responsible; and the exact nature of the decision to alter the plan from a kidnapping to assassination. III. Definition of Terms â€Å"Chaos Theory: The Tortuous Pursuit of Motive and Means in the Lincoln Assassination.† Key terms/headings in this proposal include: No direct evidence - Lack of clear evidence linking Richmond to the conspiracy The Booth factor – The likely influence of Booth in altering the original plan Of like mind – Federal authorities convinced Davis, other high officials guilty Scapegoats†¦and more questions – Hysteria obscures true motive, investigations Fact over fiction – Preponderance of practical evidence points to Richmond IV. Background The conspiracy’s original goal had been to kidnap Lincoln and carry him to a secure location. The conspirators pursued that goal with a specific outcome in mind: attack the Federal government at its source, free the prisoners of war and enable the Confederacy to fight on.4 In his summary argument in the conspiracy trial, government Ju dge Advocate John Bingham claimed that a paper found in Booth’s possession contained a secret cipher, used by Davis himself, to communicate with his agents5 Bingham asked, â€Å"Of what use was it to (Booth) if he was not in confederation with Davis?†6 Bingham went on to conclude that â€Å"my own conviction is that Jefferson Davis is as clearly proven guilty of this conspiracy as John Wilkes Booth, by whose hand

Phineas Gage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phineas Gage - Research Paper Example , A Modern Phineas Gage, 2005). When prying the truth from fiction in the case of Phineas Gage, one must always go back to the facts of the individual’s life and try to extract general principles from one case. Although case studies are traditionally an unreliable sort of tool for making psychological conclusions, the Gage case provides an excellent example of the manipulation of one variable that could not be otherwise manipulated except by a terrible accident. Thus, understanding Gage’s biography is crucially important for drawing out principles. Psychologists are often quick to cite the Gage case but without a deep understanding. The hope in this essay is to discover what the variable manipulation in the case of Phineas Gage actually proves with respect to the history and field of neurophysiology and biopsychology. Phineas Gage’s relatively uneventful life as a young man in the northeast was punctuated at the age of 25, on September 13, 1848. At that time, Gag e was working as a supervisor for American railroad Rutland & Burlington, laying down tracks for the ever-expending network of trains moving across the United States. Just outside of Cavendish, Vermont, Gage was in charge of adding an explosive (composed of gunpowder, a fuse, and sand) to holes drilled into the rock. He would compact these materials using a large iron rod. However, possibly making an error late in the day on the 13th, Gage’s powder exploded and projected the iron rod through his head. The hole formed in his head was approximately 1.25 inches in diameter and 3.5 feet in length. Entering through one side of his face, it destroyed the backside of his left eye and left a hole in the top of his head (Harlow, 1848). Immediately following the incident, Gage reportedly talked and could stand upright, even though the bar had entered and exited his head, landing nearly 80 feet away. Gage’s health never worsened, even though he was left somewhat comatose in the w eeks following the accident. Eventually, however, Gage regained the ability to walk on his own, speak clearly, and complete everyday activities (Fleischman, 2002). By April 1849, nearly 7 months after his accident, Gage returned to Cavendish, Vermont. The doctors who had originally treated him noted the physical results of the trauma, including loss of vision in the eye that was damaged, scarring on the forehead, and partial paralysis of the left side of the face. Aside from these residual effects, Gage seemed normal in terms of his physical health and that he had recovered from his injuries, with no acute pain in his head. Nevertheless, the patient was psychologically affected. He exhibited childish behavior; his personality changed significantly according to his wife and his doctor began making a checklist of mental changes in the patient (Cuizon, 2009). For instance, before the accident, Gage was productive, responsible and â€Å"a great favorite† with the men, and his emp loyers believed him to be the most efficient and supervisor. After the accident, he was so ineffectual as a foreman that the company refused to give him his old job back. They remarked at he was â€Å"no longer Gage† (Cuizon, 2009). Gage would eventually die twelve years after his accident in May of 1860 in California. He suffered from convulsions of an unknown cause. After his death, Gage’s head was taken for scientific study and is still used for psychological

The Whale Rider Movie Theology Religion Essay

The Whale Rider Movie Theology Religion Essay His leadership style is Authoritarian autocratic. This style is used when leaders advise their employees what they want completed and how they want it capable, without getting the advice of their followers (Lewin, 1939). Koro is driven by his vision of a patri-lineal leadership restoring the integrity of his people. He is determined that the male line be unbroken. Koro is a very stubborn, harsh, severe chief who dominates in everything that the people do. When he believes in something, he under no circumstances changes his decisions. He is definite and powerful in all that he says and does and he hardly ever appreciates others work and effort. Koro is defensive with his beliefs and opinions and is blind towards any proof that opposes his faith. His leadership style is not people-oriented at all as he is selfish, isnt sympathetic or sensitive and never considers other peoples feelings. However he is absolutely honest to his tikanga to his understanding of Maori culture and customs an d to the teachings of his ancestors. But with that honesty comes stubbornness and a pride and thats what trips him up. Pai Koros grand-daughter Paikea is a servant leader. According to Michael McKinney (2000) is an individual who maintain what is best for all individuals even if it may not be in their individual concern to do so. A custodial position must be approached as a short-term role, preserving something greater than the self-values of long-term and long-lasting value. This is a thought of mind that focus on the job at hand and not on what the leader may achieve from the situation. It implies a caring and concerned connection between leaders and followers; individuals enthused by their essential best interests.   Pai was a strong willed girl who was born to be a leader even though koro didnt see that straight away. Persistence is a key factor of a leader. Pai was a great leader and showed many leadership qualities such as loyalty, strength and confidence. Her grandfather koro was always trying to block out all the leadership skills she portrayed as he wanted the new chief to be a male as it was part of their tradition. Pai faces many challenges caused by herself, Koro and her culture which she handles them with maturity and determination. She never gives up and is never disheartened by the fact that she is a girl and is over looked by her grandfather. Pai falls in extraversion personality of leadership as she displays throughout the movies the traits of warmth, seeking novelty and excitement, assertive, cheerful, and talkative and action oriented. Critique of effectiveness as a leader: Koro was a very effective leader as he took charge over his people and the old traditions were very important to him and he wanted everyone else to feel the same way. Koro could see the people get more distant and realised his leadership is not working so he started to search for a leader. Koro spent his life looking for a new leader he could not see that Pai was right in front of him. Koro refuses to acknowledge Pai as leader despite her constantly showing herself to be more competent than any of the boys. In the film when Koro screams, You dont mess around with sacred things, you can feel the strength of his belief but Pai is equally determined, and so the battle is joined. However in the end he accepts Pai as a leader. Paikea was a strong willed girl who was born to be a leader even though koro didnt see that straight away. Persistence is a key factor of a leader.Throughout the movie, Pai has to not only fulfill the tribes expectations; she has to go beyond them. Not only does she carry out her role brilliantly, she realizes that there is a need for the whale rider and steps up to fulfill her role. For example, at her first school concert, when all her peers were misbehaving, Pai continues to sing, keeping her focus, determined to prove that she is serious about the tribes culture and her ambitions to become the whale rider. This event proved to the community that Pai cared more for the tribe than most of the other boys. Pai tried many ways to change this fact and expectation and prejudice. For example, she overcomes this challenge by learning the ways of the tribe, including chants, the art of the taiaha and actively participating in community life. Pai worked very hard to impress Koro and hence she is a very effective leader. The type of power held: Koro hold legitimate power. It refers to different types of professional positions. Koro has high expectations for the local community and is deeply disappointed when he realises that there will be no son and heir to continue as Chief. Even though he loves Pai, he will not allow himself to see her potential as a leader because she is a girl. The struggle to find an appropriate leader and how leadership is needed to sustain a successful community was present in Koros leadership style. Pai holds referent power that is gained by organization. Pai is very strong willed, powerful and brave. Her qualities and skills are noticed by all of the people around her, as her bravery carried her through such difficult times where she felt neglected and Koro said that everything went wrong after she was born. When Pai knew she had the qualities to be the next chief and Koro didnt register, she persisted through his rudeness and eventually became the next chief in training. This is the type of power she had. How they used this power: Koro, the leader of a community that was once dominated by ancient rules and laws passed down many generations, struggles to find a suitable leader who can improve the way of life and bring back the traditions and laws that were once obeyed by the people. Koro is blind to this though because he believes that the next leader has to be a boy hence Koro did not use his power to his maximum. Throughout the movie, Paikea shows resilience, persistence and dignity all good qualities of a leader. She never gives up and is never disheartened by the fact that she is a girl and is over looked by her grandfather. We see her testing the old ways, and undertaking the difficult demands of traditional soldier practice. It is she who goes into the sea to bring back Koros prize possession. She used her power to the betterment of the community. Throughout the movie, Paikea battles her way so that Koro sees that she is good enough to become the leader hence she used her power well. Discussion / evaluation to leadership theory Using the trait theory, with Pai, she is adaptable to situations, is assertive, co-operative, energetic, persistent, self- confident and is willing to assume responsibility and is diplomatic and tactful. Several elements of Pais leadership is displayed, example her comments about smoking and health, fixing the rope, learning about her culture, participating in the life of the community. As Paikea exerts herself to Koro, she shows skills of a leader. For example, she shows confidence in standing up for what she thinks is right. When Koro yelled or got angry at Paikea she did not hold a grudge or shut everyone out, she kept fighting! In one scene in the film, Pai invites Koro to a concert where she is to perform a speech in her native language (Te Reo). She tells him that he is her guest of honour. The scene opens with teacups laid out and people bringing food. Pai requests that a chair is left for her grandfather, but he doesnt turn up. She makes her speech despite her huge disappointment that Koro is not there to see her. She is announced the winner of the speech competition. Using Great Man theory with Koro, he has a lot of rules he has to live by. He is the boss. The question is why does Pai support Koro even though he is so harsh to her? She understands some of his concerns about being a leader. Type of organisation, level of seniority and its effects On the East coast of New Zealand, the Whangara citizens consider their existence there dates reverse a thousand years or more to a single ancestor, Paikea, who fugitive death when his canoe turn over by riding to coast on the backside of a whale. From then on, Whangara chiefs always the first-born is male who have been considered Paikeas descendants. Pai a 12-year-old girl in a patriarchal New Zealand tribe, believe she is meant to be the new chief. However her grandfather Koro is restricted by custom to pick a male leader. Pai loves Koro more than any person in the world, but she must fight him and a thousand years of custom to fulfil her destiny. Koro is the chief of the village and has the most seniority as he is the head of the traditional tribe. The people in the village took pride in their tradition and culture which enabled him to be listened and obeyed. Individual culture and its effect(s) In the film Maori tradition and culture has been displayed and this formed the beliefs between the two characters, Koro and Pai. Both of them cared for their village and dedicated themselves into the Maori culture and tradition for have a successful outcome. The film shows that culture is important and that working together makes everything better. Other leadership concepts and ideologies identified The film shows that no matter who the person may be, with the qualities of a leader, one can bring unity to the tribe. The film also shows how resilience is a significant aspect of being a leader. Pai had spirit, every time Koro shot her down she would get back up and keep trying. It also has an implication of womens rights and equality between men and women. In the film Pai had all the qualities of a leader, still she was dominated because according to the culture women cannot be leaders. The film especially highlights the fact that leaders have to respect the other members of the community as well as having the right characteristics of leadership. I also learnt good and bad trait in a leader from the roles of Pai and Koro. The community scenes on the Marae, working together to help the whales, paddling in unison in the waka at the end shows the togetherness of the community. IN GOOD COMPANY In Good Company is a comedy. Drama, romance movie that was released in 2004.This movie commences with Waterman Publishing and its flagship magazine Sports America being acquired by Globecom International in a corporate takeover. The two main leaders which have been chosen for this assignment are Dan Foreman (Dennis Quaid) and Carter Duryea (Topher Grace). Dan Foreman is a 51 year old head of advertising sales for a major sports magazine that has 20 years of experience as well. He is happily married with two daughters and who is also expecting a new child. Dan faces a life changing event when he was demoted to second in order of advertising and was replaced by Carter Duryea. Carter is 26 year old, newlywed of 7months and was dumped by his wife just as he gets the promotion. He talks a good game about sales but he doesnt have any experience from the field. Robbins and Judge (2007) defined leadership as ability to control a group toward the success of a vision or set of goals. Leadership styles The leadership style showed by Dan Foreman was charismatic leadership. The Charismatic Leader gathers group through dint of behaviour and charisma, rather than any form of exterior power. It is attractive to watch a Charismatic Leader working the region as they move from person to person. They pay much consideration to the individual they are chatting to at any one instant, making that person think like they are, for that time, the most significant person in the world. Charismatic Leaders pay a great deal of concern in scanning and reading their surroundings, and are good at picking up the mood and concerns of both individuals and big audience. They then will sharpen up their actions and words to suit the situation. In the film, when the employees were fired from their job, Dan took responsibility to inform them because he was concerned about their feelings, and that he would be able to comfort them rather than Carter as he has been working with them for many years. Musser (1987) notes that charismatic leaders seek to inspire both commitment to ideological goal and also commitment to themselves. The extent to which either of these two goals is leading depends on the underlying motivation and needs of the leader vary anything. Despite their charm and perceptible concern, the Charismatic Leader may well be rather more concerned with themselves than anybody else. The leadership style showed by Carter Duryea was Transactional leadership. The transactional leader works through creating clear arrangement whereby it is clear what is necessary of their subordinates, and the rewards that they get for following instructions. When the Transactional Leader assigns work to a subordinate, they are measured to be fully liable for it, whether or not they have the ability to carry it out. Transactional leadership is based in possibility in that prize or penalty is conditional upon presentation. Carter is been appointed as the head of marketing for the Sports America magazine to increase the sales for the company. According to Ohio state studies (1940) transactional leader is considered as task oriented. Effectiveness of a leader Dan is a effective leader. Dan motivates his employee and is very loyal to them. He is outspoken person and takes stand for his employees. Every employee respects him and trusts him. Carter wasnt effective leader. He doesnt have experience in the job which was given to him but he was very good in his job. He was outspoken and very convincing since the first day at work. Type of power(s) Dan has charisma power- person who has charisma will have optimistic influence on workers and create the chance for interpersonal pressure. Dan is very effective and when he speaks, people listen to him. In the film when he question to Teddy K everyone listen to him carefully. He also has Referent power: comes from being trusted and respected. The new boss (Carter) respects and trusts him. Carter Duryea holds legitimate power. The power describe leader has position of power on his team. In the film Carter is head of marketing company, he is very good in decision making and convinces people. He is very active and intelligent in his work. Carter uses his power in very effective way. He uses his power to motive others and clearly identify common goal of company. But some time he abuses his position power by firing employee. Scene from movie A scene from the movie that shows the leadership analyses for two leaders is the when Dan asked question to Teddy K when he was talking about to put one section about computers in sports America magazine. Then Dan stopped him and asked I dont understood what you are trying to say. It shows how effective he is while asking question to Teddy k and everyone is listening to him. Even Mr Teddy K impressed by him and said Dan Foreman Sports America, you ask some excellent questions. Another situation in the movie shows Carter leadership when Carter is discussing about sacking with Dan. He explained to Dan he have to cut off same salary by sacking people from sales department. Carter is transactional leader and always follows his company procedure and standard. Dan wants to save his old employee and said to Carter my salary is bigger than them why dont you sack me instead of them. But Carter convinces him because he has to follow his bosss orders. Type of organisation, level of seniority and its effects Sports America magazine owned by Globecom, it is a national sports magazine and Dan spent 20 year of his life as head of advertising sales department. After that multimedia company buy it and assign Carter as new boss. Carter is on the most senior position in multimedia company. He is responsible for company sales and managing staff. He is assigned leader and power to reward and punish anyone in the organisation. Individual culture and its effect(s) Culture and tradition plays very important role both Dan carter lives. Dan is 51 year old man has loving family. He has two daughters Alex (18 year old) and Jana (16 year old). He has been very happy from his family and doing very well in his professional life. Carter is 26 year old young man and very successful in his professional life. His wife left him in the beginning of the film. He is executive officer in the organisation. He fell in love with Alex (Dans daughter) which creates uncomfortable situation between them. Leadership theories Contingency theory is illustrate to large extend in this film. According to this leadership theory leader effectiveness in group is depends on two factors: leader task or relation motivation and changes in situations. The scale least preferred co-worker is use to identify leader is task oriented or relation oriented. Leader who gets high marks on scale is people oriented and who got less mark on scale is task oriented. In the film Dan got high mark in least preferred co-worker because he is always concern about his employee. Even he is ready to leave his job to save employee work. On the other hand carter got less mark on scale because he is only concern about his task. He follows the orders given to him by the boss and never thinks about employee. He fired some employees from organisation as well. The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring is an epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson. This story is set in the world of Tolkiens establishment, known as Middle Earth. It is based on the first of three volumes of the epic novel The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955) created by JRR Tolkien. It was followed by The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). It is filmed in various locations in New Zealand in 2001. In the story of a hobbit called Bilbo Baggins  has stolen the ring from a hideous creature called  Gollum. Somehow, this ring ends up with  Frodo Baggins, Bilbos nephew and all of a sudden, Frodo is at the centre of this epic play involving the ring that he knows very little about. The Fellowship of the ring is established; including nine individuals in which are Gandalf, Legolas the elf, Gimli the Dwarf, Aragorn, Boromir and his three Hobbit friends Merry, Pippin and Samwise. They went through mountains, snow, darkness, forests, rivers and plains, facing evil and danger of every corner to destroy Fellowship of the Ring. Introduction The two leaders which have been chosen for my assignment are Gandalf much like Aragorn as Strider. Gandalf is a Wizard of surpassing power and intelligence. He has awe-inspiring and the touchingly human qualities. Aragon hides an extraordinary amount of power, greatness, and knowledge under a humble exterior. Leadership Styles Gandalf is the transformational leader-leader who puts enthusiasm and power into all. They care about you and want you to success. Transformational Leaders are always observable and will rise up to be counted rather than conceal behind their troops. They show by their attitudes and performance how everybody should behave. They also make continuous hard work to inspire and rally their followers, always doing the rounds, listening, comforting and enthusing. It is their reliable pledge as much as something else that keeps people going mainly through the darker period when some may query whether the dream can ever be achieved. Overall, they balance their mind between act that creates development and the psychological state of their supporters. Perhaps they are people-oriented and consider that victory comes first and last through deep and continuous commitment. According to Stephen Warrilow (2013) transformational leadership is all about values and meaning, and a purpose that transcends short-term goals and focuses on higher order needs. Gandalf was the leader of The Fellowship of the Ring: getting the ring into Mordor to destroy was his goal but he was proved that that he capable of doing more and more. He was an adviser to Frodo and Aragorn and uninspired them both to grow to be better people and attain knowledge plus self actualisation (the higher order of needs). He clearly knew his vision and uninspired his followers to accomplish it. Bernard M Bass (1985) says transformational leader is a type of  leadership style  that measures the influence of followers first. The followers of such a leader feel trust, admiration, loyalty and respect for the leader. In movie Gandalf motivates Frodo to be brave and tells him if he doesnt takes the ring to destroy, and then no one will destroy it and it wont ever be destroyed. He inspired Frodo and he didnt hesitate to continue but pleased Gandalf. Aragorn is a charismatic leader. Charismatic leaders are often thought of as heros that are able to use their personal fascination to lead others. But that charismatic allure can be both an approval and a nuisance on society. Thats because charisma can be used for the good of a company for honourable reasons. Conger Kanungo (1998) describe five behavioural attributes of Charismatic Leaders that indicate a more transformational perspective image and expression, warmth to the environment, consideration to member needs, individual risk taking, performing unconventional behaviour. Aragorn was a brave man: he saved the hobbits lives in Bree by fighting with the Uruk-hai and showed good leadership by saving the lives of the team members and also by making wise decisions. The Charismatic Leader gathers supporters through dint of behaviour and charisma, rather than any form of external power. It is interesting to watch a Charismatic Leader running the area as they move from individual to individual. They pay much consideration to the individuals they are talking to at any one instant, making that individual feel like they are, for that point in time, the most significant individual in the world. Charismatic Leaders pay attention in scanning and analysing their surroundings, and are good at picking up the moods and concerns of both individuals and big audiences. They then will sharpen their actions and expression to suit the circumstances. Charismatic Leaders use a wide variety of methods to supervise their picture and if they are not naturally charismatic, may practice attentively at developing their skills. They may prompt trust through observable selflessness and taking own risks in the name of their values. They show great self-confidence in their followers. They are very convincing and make very useful use of body words as well as oral language. The Charismatic Leader will typically connect themselves strongly to the personality of the group, such that to join the group is to become one with the leader. The Fellowship of the Ring Aragorn was sometimes unsure of his ability to lead others but when it came to his team members he did his level best to motivate them. When qu estioned about why he does not immediately offer proof of his identity to the hobbits in Bree, one of his answers is simply that he wishes the hobbits would count him as a friend without knowledge of his lineage indeed; he is tired of being constantly asked. Musser (1987) notes that charismatic leaders seek to inspire both dedication to ideological goals and also commitment to themselves. The level to which either of these two goals is leading depends on the fundamental motivations and requirements of the leader amend anything. Despite their charm and perceptible concern, the Charismatic Leader may well be somewhat more anxious with themselves than anybody else. A typical experience with them is that whilst you are talking with them, it is like being immersed in a warm and pleasant shine, in which they are very persuasive. . In the film when Frodo decides to break the fellowship Aragorn obeys his decision by telling the hobbits that if I had the chance to go I would have gone with you to the end, into the very fires of Mordor and then motivates others. Effectiveness of a leader: Gandalf is intelligent and relatively capable while people listen to him. Gandalf had high values; he appreciated everyone and wasnt using his powers to arrange others but only to direct others. Aragon was thoughtful, trustworthy and open leader. The both leaders had clear idea and common aim to destroy ring and were very effective leaders. Type of power Gandalf have legitimate power. Legitimate power is the power that a leader gets by evasion due to his position in an organisation; a leader basically is distinguished from a follower due to the greater rights and responsibility he has than others i.e. additional rights that legitimate power bestows and distinguishes him from followers. He has some supernatural powers and a lot of knowledge about middle-earth. He also has referent power .This is at times thought of as charisma, charm, admiration, or appeal. Referent power comes from one person love and respecting another, and powerfully identifying with that person in some way. Celebrities have referent power, which is why they can manipulate everything from what individuals buy to whom they choose to office. In a workplace, a person with charm often makes everyone feel good, so he or she tends to have a lot of influence. Gandalf is 2nd wizard and he used his power to save fellowship of ring and fight with fire dragon which lead him t o death. Gandalf used his power very fairly and he sacrificed his life to save his group. Aragorn has charisma power: Charisma has been seen as politically dubious characteristics of individuals in the society and it has been searched the psychological mechanisms which lead to the emergence of charismatic leaders and their attraction to the people that follow them which describes a special person qualities making him capable inspire large number of people. Aragorn is a very effective leader and when he speaks, everyone listens and follows him. In the film when Gandalf is dead, Aragon starts leading the group; everyone follows him without any questions. Aragorn also used his power to motivate others and lead them in correct path. He has the qualities of encouraging people and making them believe him. Type of organisation, level of seniority and its effect(s) The fellowship of the ring was destroyed in Rivendell fictional second age of middle-earth. The Fellowship involved nine members who joined the journey to Mordor to destroy ring in Mount Doom fires. The mission included four hobbits Frodo Baggins and his three friends Merry, Pippin and Samwise, with travelling companions Gandalf a wizard, Aragorn a human ranger, two man from Gondor, Gimli a dwarf warrior and Legolas an Elven prince. Gandalf was leader of the group and also Aragorn was assigned as the leader when Gandalf was killed. Gandalf was chosen as leader of the fellowship of the ring. The group approved him as a leader because he was the eldest and valued person He was a very effectual leader; every one respects him and obeys and follows his decisions. Aragorn was the only king in companionship but he never used his power as a king, but he inspired and motivated people by using his leadership qualities. According to Great man theory one having inherit capacity of leadership great leaders are born with traits that make them natural leaders. Aragorn took responsibilities of the situations and came up with solutions to solve them. Individual culture and its effect(s) Culture and ritual played very important part of both leaders life. Gandalf was 2nd wizard who fought with Saruman 1st wizard who abused his powers to destroy the mankind. Aragorn was king of the Gondor. No one knew that he was living in Rivendell as ranger after his father loss. Both Gandalf and Aragorn have done the best to keep mankind safe in middle-earth by leading Frodo in destroying the ring. Leadership theories The film illustrates Ohio State studies (1940s) which states two dimensions of leader behaviour. First is Consideration where a leader exhibits concern for the welfare of the members of the group such as it is people oriented. Second is Initiating structure is where a leader defines how the tasks are to be accomplished by the group such as it is task oriented. In the film Gandalf is concerned of their followers emotion and opinions, but he was also in charge for mission which should be finished.

Domestic Violence: Why Do Women Stay? Essay -- Violence Against Women E

What is battering? Why do men batter? Why do women stay? These are all questions that I will answer. I will also offer insight into the minds of victims that may help give a better understanding to the devastating cycle that hides behind the doors of many homes today that is known as Domestic Violence. What is battering? Battering is a pattern of behavior that is used to establish power and control over another person. This control can be obtained through many different avenues. Minimizing, making light of the victims concerns, shifting responsibility and laying blame. Isolation, controlling what the victim does, reads and limiting outside involvement all together, even from family. Intimidation, causing the victim to feel afraid by using looks, gestures, or actions, such as demonstrating violence in her presence. Emotional Abuse, putting the victim down, calling her names, convincing and making her believe she’s crazy, humiliating, depriving her of sleep and playing mind games. Why do men batter? Battering begins and continues because violence is an effective method for gaining and keeping control over another person. Batterer’s usually do not suffer consequences for their behavior, which encourages them to keep up their behavior. They get a sense of security when they have control that makes them feel better about themselves. Some of the characteristics of batterer’s include men that see women as property, they have low self- esteem, they don’t take blame for their behavior, and they appear to be very charming and often are seen as a â€Å"nice guy† to outsiders looking in. They often have traits such as extreme jealousy, possessiveness, unpredictable behavior and a bad temper. "Why do women stay in violent relationships?" is generally answered with a victim-blaming attitude of abuse. They are often accused of having no character or they must like or need bad treatment, otherwise they would leave. Others may be told that they "love too much" or have "low self-esteem." Common sense would probably have most rational people thinking in this way. The truth is that no one enjoys being abused, no matter what kind of emotional state or self-image they may have. Some of the emotions that I experienced in this kind of relationship are isolation, paranoia, shame and embarrassment. As a victim of abuse, I, like many victims, didn’t rea... ...feelings to hopefully numb the pain. Yet, I needed to remember the pain in order to keep my strength to refrain from going back to my husband. Victims go back to their abuser an average of eight times, this is due to the dependency and the feeling that you can’t live without your abuser, which is a belief that is tactfully instilled by the abuser and learned and accepted by the victim. Domestic violence is horrifying, confusing, and disorienting to say the least. With limited support from friends and family and a society that seemingly supports abuse, or rather, punishes victims for leaving their abusers. We, as a whole, ask that famous question, â€Å"Why does she stay?† She stays because there isn’t a way out. Work Cited: 1. Mason, Miles. â€Å"The ABC’s of Divorce† Divorce Source. www.divorcesource.com/TN/ARTICLES/mason1.html 2. Fischer, Kay-Laurel and McGrane, Michael F. Moving Beyond. Saint Paul, MN; Amherst H. Wilder Foundation, 1997. 3. Brown, Cathy. Personal Interview. November 17, 2004. 4. McGee, Susan. Survivor’s Handbook for Battered Women. August 29, 2003.

Neolithic Art and Architecture Paper Essay

During the â€Å"New† Stone Age, also known as the Neolithic Period, art and life in general began to change drastically for humans. Many new onsets began to bloom, for example humans of this time period had begun to live in single locations versus before they were nomadic hunter-gatherers. This new life introduced new challenges and new opportunities. Within this paper I will discuss three Neolithic Locations, Jericho, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, and Stonehenge. Also, what made each of these sites significant, what new forms of buildings were present at each, and what is still perplexing modern day historians and archaeologists about these sites. I will start with the oldest of the three locations from above, Jericho. Jericho is a city of Palestine, but has been under the occupation of many. Its most important fact is that it is one of the oldest known permanently occupied cities in the world, occupied during the Natufian era (10,800 – 8,500 BCE) to present day. It was primarily occupied during a time known as the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period (PPN: 8,500 – 6,000 BCE), which is further broken down into two more time frames called PPNA (8,500 – 7,300 BCE) and PPNB (7,300 – 6,000 BCE). Along with being one of the oldest known cities, Jericho shows us that humans of the Neolithic Period had begun to create permanent structures for living. After the domestication of plants and animals it is believed that Jericho was chosen to be a permanent settlement because it was a plateau of the Jordan River valley with a spring that supplied a constant source for water. During the PPNA, oval homes made from mud bricks with roofs made from wooden branches covered in earth began to appear at Jericho. Around 7,500 BCE, a rock-cut ditch and thick walls approximately 5 feet wide surrounded the city. Within the wall there is a single circular tower (fig. 1), approximately 30 feet high and almost 33 feet in diameter. These walls and towers mark the beginning of monumental architecture. Later, during the PPNB era the architects of Jericho began building the homes with rectangular  mud bricks and a plaster-like mud mortar, these houses were made into rectangular shapes due to the rectangular bricks. During this time we can also find evidence of new forms of art, plastered human skulls. It is believed these heads may have been used for a cult or religion of some sort. The heads were formed around a human skulls with the plaster-like mud mortar and then shells were placed in the eyes, and traces of paint were also found to shown a resemblance of skin and hair (fig 2). Next, let’s discuss another major settlement of the Neolithic Period that was formed between 7,000 and 5,000 BCE, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k. This site is important because it is possible to retrace human evolution of the Neolithic culture over the period of approximately 800 years. The people of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k were Neolithic weapon and toolmakers, especially in the use of obsidian. More importantly though was the village itself, it’s architecture and the art that thrived within. Most important about its architecture is that adjoining buildings, meaning it had no streets, formed this village. In July of 2012, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k was inscribed as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site. There are two types of buildings that were constructed within Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, houses and shrines. The houses were made of mud bricks that were strengthened by timber frames. These homes contained no doors, but openings at the top that served as an entrance and a chimney. The interiors were plastered and painted; with platform shelving that was used as sites for sleeping, eating, and working (fig. 3). The dead of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k were buried right under platforms of the homes. Although the houses of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k were decorated on the inside there were other buildings slightly larger that contained more decoration, ornate murals, animal heads, paintings and figurines, are the shrines. These buildings still intrigue archaeologists today, as we do not know their true purpose. Along with the architecture of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, you see the beginning of narrative paintings. Although people had begun to raise animals of their own, hunting still played a major part in human life. This is shown in wall painting from Level III of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k (fig. 4). Also at Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, we find what now referred to as the first map, or the first landscape painting (fig. 5). This landscape painting remained unique for thousands of years, and with carbon dating this painting was executed in or around 6,150 BCE. In addition to painting, at Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k we find sculpture, weaving, pottery  and even techniques of smelting lead. Now let us move on to the most intriguing and puzzling place of these three Neolithic sites, Stonehenge. Stonehenge is a formation of rocks as high as 17 feet and weighing as much as 50 tons. Because these stones are so large historians have called them megaliths, meaning great stones. Stonehenge exists on the Salisbury Plain of southern England. Stonehenge itself is a megalithic monument constructed over the course of several years, in several phases. Stonehenge Phase 1, known as the earthwork monument. The first phase of Stonehenge was begun around 2,950 to 2,900 BCE. During phase one Stonehenge consisted of four sections and two entrances (fig. 6). The four sections are as follows from outside to inside: the Outer bank, the Ditch, the Circular bank, and the Aubrey Holes. The ditch, which is enclosed by two earthen banks, has the same center as the 56 Aubrey Holes inside it, therefore telling historians they came from the same time period. The second phase of Stonehenge is one that still perplexes historians, but the best evidence we have tells us it occurred sometime between 2,900 BCE and 2,550 to 2,400 BCE. During this time of its construction all evidence shows us that Stonehenge was more than likely being used as a cremation site. This phase it is known as the timber monument. All across the in circle of Stonehenge and around both entrance excavations have revealed post-holes which indicate that at this stage in Stonehenge’s construction it was made from timber and not the megalithic stones that now stand. These post-hole sites are divided into three distinct locations, the northeastern entrance, the southern entrance and the confused central pattern. The patterns displayed in the confused central pattern raise many concerns for historians and this is something that still raises questions for them, as it is unknown exactly how big the structures were or how they looked at this time. The third and final phase of Stonehenge is known as the stone monument. This is when what we see today was added to this monument. There are two types of megalithic stones found at Stonehenge, the bluestones and the sarsen stones. The final stage took the form concentric post-and-lintel circles. There are four circles and two horseshoes that were formed in the final stage of Stonehenge. The first two circles formed inside of Stonehenge’s Circular bank are referred to as the Rings of Y and Z Holes. These holes show evidence that Stonehenge may have never been completed, as holes were dug prior to placing stones inside the  monument. Inside of these two circles was a large circle formed out of sarsen stone lintels, then followed by a circle of bluestones. Inside of the two stone circle were the horseshoes, one made of sarsen stones and another inside of that made out of bluestones, with a single stone called the Altar Stone in the center of the bluestone horseshoe (fig. 7). Along the Circular bank four more stones appear, known as the Station Stones. Only two of the four stones still remain, but when you run a line between each of stones it forms a rectangle whose center pinpoints the exact center of the monument. From the center of the monument traveling out toward the northeast entrance you see the last two megaliths of Stonehenge, the Slaughter Stone and the Heel Stone. The Heel stone aligns with the center of Stonehenge at the midsummer solstice, thus giving historians the belief that Stonehenge was used a Calendar. The true use of Stonehenge may never be known, as evidence has also proven that Stonehenge might have been used as an observatory of astronomical aspects. Of these three sites we have learned a lot about our past. We have discovered many forms of artwork, and architectural changes to the human culture. But what we know of these sites is still growing. What will the future hold for us? While we continue to excavate and research these sites, will we find that the humans of Neolithic times were smarter or as smart than we are today? Are there any more new architectural discoveries to be found at these sites? Will we find more art that change the way we look at Art History? These three locations are a vast pile of knowledge still waiting to be discovered and hopefully it will not take us as long to discover the knowledge as it took the ancients to create the locations. Figure 1, Great Stone Tower, Jericho. Reproduced from smarthistory, http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/jericho.html. Figure 2, Plastered Skulls from Yiftah’el. Reproduced from smarthistory, http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/jericho.html. Figure 3, On-site restoration of a typical interior, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, 2005. Reproduced from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catal_H%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Restauration_B.JPG. Figure 4, Deer Hunt, 5750 BCE. Level III, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, Turkey. Museum of Anatolian Civilization, Ankara. Reproduced from Fred S. Kleiner, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, A Global History (Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011), 26. Figure 5, Landscape with volcanic eruption, 6150 BCE. Level III, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, Turkey. Museum of Anatolian Civilization, Ankara. Reproduced from Fred S. Kleiner, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, A Global History (Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011), 27. Figure 6, Stonehenge: Phase 1. Reproduced from David Souden, Stonehenge Revealed (New York, NY: Facts on File Inc., 1997), 31. Figure 7, Stonehenge: Phase 3, inner circles. Reproduced from David Souden, Stonehenge Revealed (New York, NY: Facts on File Inc., 1997), 39. Bibliography German, Senta. Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k. http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/catal-hoyuk.html (accessed 12 January 2013). German, Senta. Jericho. http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/jericho.html. (accessed 12 January 2013). German, Senta. Stonehenge, Salibury Plain, England. http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/catal-hoyuk.html. (accessed 12 January 2013). Hirst, K. Kris. â€Å"The Archaeology of the Ancient City of Jericho,† Jericho (Palestine). http://archaeology.about.com/od/jterms/qt/jericho.htm. (accessed 12 January 2013) Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, A Global History (Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011. Souden, David. Stonehenge Revealed. New York, NY: Facts on File Inc., 1997. Wikipedia. Çatalhà ¶yà ¼k. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk. (accessed 12 January 2013). Wikipedia, Jericho. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic. (accessed 12 January 2013). Wikipedia, Stonehenge. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge. (accessed 12 January 2013). Wikipedia, UNESCO. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO. (accessed 12 January 2013). Wikipedia, World Heritage Site. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site. (accessed 12 January 2013).